Welcome to tengwangge scenic area. I'm glad to be your guide!
Tengwang Pavilion is located at the junction of Ganjiang River and FuheRiver, Yanjiang North Road, Nanchang city. In the fourth year of Yonghui in TangDynasty, Li Yuanying, the king of Teng, built it when he was an official inHongzhou (now Nanchang), so it is called Tengwang Pavilion. It is famous forWang Bo's preface to Tengwang Pavilion. Together with Yueyang Tower in Hunan andYellow Crane Tower in Hubei, they are known as the three famous towers inJiangnan.
What we are seeing now is the 29th generation tengwangge, which was rebuilton the Double Ninth Festival in 19,!
Now we come to the gate. Look at the green tiles and red pillars ofTengwang Pavilion. They are magnificent. The roaring lions on both sides holdtheir heads up and shake their tails, lifelike. It fully shows the style of thefamous building.
As we ascended the stairs, we came to the gate of the first floor. What youcan see now is that "the sunset and the lone ducks are flying together, and theautumn water is the same color in the sky" written by Chairman Mao himself. Itwas given to us in Jiangxi when the Tengwang pavilion was rebuilt!
We went to the first floor, and now we're there
The location is the third floor of the building, and it is also the prefacehall of our Tengwang Pavilion. Right in front of us, there is a white marblerelief, which mainly introduces the origin of our Tengwang Pavilion!
Come up to the second floor with me, and now we come to the fourth floor"Renjie hall"! It mainly depicts the celebrities of Jiangxi since the pre Qinperiod! There are 80 people in total! Although their times, costumes, status,age, occupation, personality and personality are different, they areharmoniously unified in the same picture!
The third floor we went to is the Ming floor. It's the fifth floor! Thereis a mural "Linchuan dream" in the central hall. In 1599, Tang Xianzu rehearsedthe play "Peony Pavilion" for the first time in Tengwang Pavilion, creating aprecedent for Tengwang pavilion to perform opera. Tengwang pavilion has sincebecome an opera stage from a song and dance stage
The fourth floor is dilingting, the sixth floor we went to! It's mainly ourfamous seven mountains and one water in Jiangxi Province! From left to right,they are Meiguan, Guifeng, Sanqingshan, Longhushan, Jinggangshan, Lushan, PoyangLake and shizhongshan in Jiangxi Province!
We are now in the middle hall,
You can see the preface to Tengwang Pavilion, which makes Tengwang Pavilionfamous for thousands of years. Let's go to the West Hall and have a look. Thepainting of a hundred butterflies and flowers on the wall is in memory of LiYuanying, who likes art. It's a polished lacquer painting. The fifth floor isalso the best place for climbing and sightseeing. Let's go to the corridor withme to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Here, you can experience the artisticconception of "sunset and lone ducks flying together, autumn water growing inthe same color".
We are now on the sixth floor, which is also the highest floor where we go.There are singing and dancing performances. Now you can watch large-scaleartistic performances.
At the end of my introduction, please have a rest while enjoying theprogram. Thank you.
女士们,先生们,各位对江南三大名楼一定是耳熟能详,可能大家都记得:“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色一”;“晴川历历汉阳树,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲”;“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”。这些分别是王勃的《滕王阁序》、崔颢的《黄鹤楼》,范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》中的名句,可谓是千古流传,脍炙人口人。今天我们就去游览江南三大名楼之首的南昌滕王阁。亲身体验一下王勃笔下的境界。
各位游客,我们现在来到的地方是南昌市的榕门路口。一度仿古式的大牌楼巍然屹立它东面的匾额上书“滕阁秋风”。为什么要在这里建一个牌楼?它对滕王阁景区有什么作用呢?
“滕阁秋风”牌楼是通向滕王阁景区的第一道门,也是景区中轴线上的第一道景观。它耸立在景区东面,是座高大的二柱、彩绘、仿宋式大牌楼,高12米、跨度15米,正中是青石贴金横匾二方,正面朝东“滕阁秋风”横匾为宋苏东坡墨迹,背面为文徽明手书的“胜友如云”。牌楼往西大约50米处是南北向展开的仿占街,牌楼的竖向构图与仿古街水平舒展的横向构图形成对比,同时又跟远处高耸入云的主阁遥相呼应。当我们步入景区,主阁的天际轮廓线映人眼帘,这时牌楼起到了很好的框景作用,再加上仿古街对游客观阁视线有屏蔽效果,避免了景区主要景观一览无余,营造出了一种“红杏出墙来”的意味。
各位请看,这就是景区的东门,它是一幢五间歇山顶的建筑,墨绿色琉璃瓦盖顶,当中一间是进入口,设内外两道门扇。外门正对东面大牌楼,门首正中悬挂“雄州雾列”匾额;内门面向园区,门首正中为“地接衡庐”横匾。园门是游客进入园区的主要人口。作为景区中轴线上的第二道门,它既起分隔景区内外空间的作用,又是内外空间的过渡区域。
请各位随我由此进入园区,大家是否有眼前突然一亮的感觉呢?我们终于看到了主阁的雄姿。阁前广场的设计也独具匠心,它的宽阔衬托出了主阁的高耸,上出重霄的气势得到充分展现。广场与主阁之间有一条南北贯通的干道,连接着南端的南门人口和北端的俯畅园。
滕王阁、黄鹤楼、岳阳楼并称为江南三大名楼,但唯独滕王阁称为“阁”,这是为什么呢?
在我国的传统建筑中,楼是重屋,即二层以上的房屋。阁是传统楼房的一种,原是架空的楼,由干栏建筑,即树干为栏的木阁楼,演变而来。其实楼与阁在建筑形制上难以明确区分。人们常将“楼阁”二字连用。一般阁都带有平座,四周设隔扇或栏杆回廊。恐怕最明显的区别是它们使用功能的不同,楼的用途是厂“泛的,而阁仅限用于游憩远眺、藏书、供佛等方面。如北京颐和园的佛香阁是佛阁,宁波的天一阁是藏书阁。滕王阁背城临江,雄踞高冈,建筑风格具有较明显的阁的特点。而且当初建造它,就是出于娱乐目的,为一歌舞场所,因此它的功能是游憩远眺,属阁的范畴,故称其为“阁”是名副其实的。黄鹤楼、岳阳楼都是出于军事的需要而建造的,所以它们都称为“楼”。
我们眼前这座阁是第29次重建的新阁。各位可能会同,滕王阁的重建次数居然有29次之多,这在建筑史上恐怕也不多见,这个问题又该如何理解呢?
滕王阁的扬名,的确与王勃的杰作《滕王阁序》大有关系,正所谓“文以阁名,阁以文传”。但一处景观之所以名垂千古,其原因绝不仅仅于此。全国与著名的诗歌和文章相联系的建筑还有很多,有的已杳无踪影,而滕王阁却屡毁屡建,前后达29次之多,仅清代顺治以后的1O代帝王就重建了13次,平均20多年就重建1次。之所以如此,其重要原因是继王勃之后,历代的宿儒学者、名工巨卿在滕王阁留下了丰富的文化遗产,使这座吴头楚尾的西江名楼成为江南的重要人文中心之一。历代名士在滕王阁留下了大量的诗文、绘画、书法、篆刻等艺术珍品,如韩愈、自居易、杜牧、欧阳修、王安石、苏轼、朱熹、文天祥、辛弃疾等,或以文章纪事,或以诗词抒怀,诗词佳篇卷帙浩繁,仅《四库全书》所收就达三部四十余卷;虽然五代水墨画家李升的《滕王阁宴会图》已湮没失传,但北宋郭忠恕的《王勃对客挥毫图》和明代唐寅的《落霞孤鹜图》已成为保留至今的稀世珍品。历代名家的诗词楹联、书画碑拓,经过一代代文人的收集整理出版,形成了瑰丽多姿的滕王阁文化体系。滕王阁还是历代歌舞戏剧的重要演出场所,建成后几乎所有的洪州都督、知府,每逢接官、送别、聚会、庆典,都要在此举行规模不等的歌舞音乐演出会。明代大戏剧家汤显祖也曾在这里组织演出其不朽作品《牡丹亭》,开了滕王阁上演大型剧目的先河。
滕王阁也不愧是华夏文化的一个缩影,它兼收并蓄,雅俗共赏,这样的景点在国人的心目中已深深扎根,所以它历千载沧桑,而盛誉不衰。
现在我们看到的新阁是19年10月8日重阳节落成并对外开放的。它坐落在城区之西的沿江大道中段,叠山路口,赣江与抚河故道会合之处。唐代阁址就在其东面约100米的地方,清代阁址则位于其南端约300米处。高阁面城临江,西南水天相接处,南昌大桥依稀可见,西北与八一大桥遥遥相望,所以新阁的位置既与故地一脉相承,又考虑现代取景的需要,尽可能的体现了《滕王阁序》中的意境。
这是一座仿宋建筑,宋代建筑是对唐代建筑的继承和发展,时间相对较近,且宋代的楼阁建筑可称为古代建筑造型之最。宋大观二年(1108年),滕王阁因年久失修而塌毁,侍郎范坦重建,比唐阁的规模更大,在主阁的南北面增建了“压江”、“挹翠”二亭,形成了以阁为主体的建筑群,形貌华丽,气势宏伟。1942年,古建筑大师梁思成先生偕同其弟子莫宗江根据“天籁阁”旧藏宋画绘制了八幅《重建滕王阁计划草图》,这就是第29次重建设计的主要依据。另外,还参照了宋代李诫的《营造法式》,此书相当于现在的建筑规范。
此阁主体建筑净高57.5米,建筑面积13000平方米。其下部为象征古城墙的二级台座,台座以上的主阁取“明三暗七”的形式,即从外面看是三层带回廊的建筑,而在内部计算共有七层,包括三个明层、三个暗层和顶部的设备层。如果加上二级台座,滕王阁整体共九层,寓意“九重天”。“明三暗七”是新阁结构的明显特点。
新阁的瓦件全部是碧色琉璃瓦,因唐宋多用此色。正脊鸱吻高达3.5米,为仿宋特制;勾头、滴水均为特制瓦当,勾头构成“滕阁秋风"四个篆字,而滴水形成“落霞”与“孤鹜”图案。
从南北石阶可登临一级高台,在此可见南北两翼的碧瓦长廊。长廊南北两端分别为四角重檐的压江亭和挹翠亭。从正面观看,南北两亭和主阁组成的建筑群,正形成“山”字;如从空中俯瞰,建筑群犹如一只平展两翅,意欲凌波西飞的巨型鲲鹏。这种立面和平面布局,是新建滕王阁的一大特色。
二级台座高为12米,共级,寓意新阁于19年落成。高台与须弥石座垫托的主阁浑然一体。台座之下,有南北相通的两个瓢形人工湖,北湖之上建有九曲风雨桥,楼阁云影,倒映水中,给人以无尽的遐思。
我们现在正位于园区内主阁东面的宽阔广场上。西面是花岗石铺成的临江广场;南面平缓的小山坡上遍植花卉树木,其中有一片四季常青的竹林和一个八月飘香的桂园;北面是占地面积6600平方米的俯畅园,“俯畅”出自《滕王阁序》中的“遥吟俯畅”句。整个景区体现了皇家园林与自然山水式园林相结合的特点。之所以说它是皇家园林,是因为历史上的滕王阁为登临抒怀之处,接诏拜官之所,属官建、官管、官用的歌舞宴集之地。
关于滕王阁的历史背景和总体情况就简单讲这些,下面请各位登石阶进阁内参观。抬头仰望,可见一层檐下的一块九龙匾,上书“瑰伟绝特”四字。这四个字出自唐代著名文学家韩愈的《新修滕王阁记》,他对滕王阁的赞美可谓到了极致。现在我们来到高阁的正门处,这部分建筑称为“抱厦”,亦称“龟头屋”,由两个歇山顶作“丁”字形相交的形式,其突出部分称为“抱厦”。抱厦原本不是门,但在中国古建筑当中,常会在抱厦处设入口,因此亦可作为一种门的形式,这个抱厦与进入主阁的大门融为一体。抱厦东端正中檐下横挂“瑰伟绝特”匾额,左右立柱上悬挂不锈钢巨联:“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色。”这是19年为儿媳邵华亲笔所书。在此,门连同主阁一起,成为了景区中轴线的端点、视线的落点、视觉的焦点,这道门是通往文化艺术殿堂的大门。
各位游客,这便是主阁一层的前厅,正面是一幅汉白玉浮雕《时来风送滕王阁》。这件作品是根据明代文学家冯梦龙所著《醒世恒言》中的《马当神风送滕王阁》的故事创作的。请看,画面描绘狂浪掀天,小船破浪向前的情景,年少桀骜的王勃昂首立于船头,他那自信、自负的神态跃然于浮雕之上。王勃。(650-676年),字子安,绛州龙门(今山西稷山西南)人,是唐初著名诗人之一,与杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王并称初唐四杰。自幼聪明过人,因恃才傲物,仕途不顺,且不幸的是英年早逝。
各位游客,接下来让我们依次参观二层、三层、四层、五层、六层。
二层,是一个暗层,采光和通风均靠人工解决。此层的陈设以“人杰”为主题。请看这正厅的墙壁上,有一幅大型丙烯壁画,称为《人杰图》,上面画出了自先秦至明末,江西各领风骚的名人,有的大家可能都颇为熟悉,如徐稚、王安石、汤显祖、朱耷等。这幅壁画的独特之处是,这些人物时代、地位、年龄、性格、服饰等都不一样,但却统一在同一画面之中,而且如此协调、生动,仿佛是群星大家族,给人以深刻的印象和很强的感染力。
三层,与一层类似,为一个明层,有圆廊四绕,可凭栏远眺。这一层着力表现了当年重阳盛会的场景,请看西大厅,称为“古宴厅”,西边梁枋上悬挂着“高朋满座”的金匾,东墙上有青铜浮雕《唐伎乐图》。让我们一起欣赏一下这幅乐图。画面主角是三位唐代舞伎,她们在表演《霓裳羽衣舞》。舞伎周围配有马术、摔跤、斗牛、横吹等民间游艺景象,上方有星象图,左右侧塑有操持各种乐器奏乐的艺人。画面古朴,体现了唐代盛世升平的景象。厅内还摆放着古雅的红木家具、春秋时期的青铜器复制品以及两根磨漆大花瓶。
请各位参观这一层的中厅,这里也有一幅大型丙烯壁画,名为“临川梦”。它取材于汤显祖《牡丹亭》中的故事。汤显祖在明万历二十六年(1598年)完成这个剧本的创作,然后他在滕王阁首次排演了这出戏,开创了滕王阁上演戏剧的先河。
四层,也是一个暗层,这里的主题是“地灵”。正厅的墙壁上是一幅大型壁画《地灵图》,与二层的《人杰图》相对应。请看,画中把江西名山大川的精华作了简练、形象的描绘,是一幅大好河山的壮美画卷。
五层,是全阁最高的一个明层。我们先参观大厅,然后再到回廊上远眺。这是中厅,请看正中屏壁上,镶嵌着《滕王阁序》碑,全文系苏东坡手写的小行书,通过复印放大,由工匠在黄铜板上精心镌刻而成。“豫章故郡,洪都新府。星分翼轸,地接衡庐……”阅读此文,我认为要消除两个误解,正确把握文章的主旨。一是那次滕王阁聚会虽在九月,却并非重阳,文中明育“十旬休假”,故当在九月十日、二十日、三十日旬休之日,且全文无一处涉及节事。二是这篇文章为“饯别序”,而非重阳“宴聚序”。现存王勃文集中的此篇题目是《秋日登洪府滕王阁饯别序》,这已非常清楚了。既然是饯别序,那么被饯者是谁呢?这在文中有迹可寻。宴会的主人当然是洪州都督阎公,陪客的是孟学士和王将军,一文一武;被饯别的是那位路经洪州,前往新州(今广东新兴)赴刺史任的宇文大人;从身份和文中描写来看,作者本人也可算作一位次要的客人。明确了这次宴会的主、客情况,特别是重视主要客人宇文新州的存在,才能对全文脉理和主旨有正确的理解。
“兴尽悲来,识盈虚之有数。”是全文意思转折的关节点,而两位被饯送者则是体现本篇主题的中心人物。作为饯别,文章不可避免地带着应酬色彩。首先是对主人阎公及其文武陪客盂学士、王将军等人,作者备致颂美仰望之忱。其次是对洪州地势和高阁景观以及胜饯的赞扬夸说,也是对主人的另一形式地势和高阁景观以及胜饯的赞扬夸说,也是对主人的另一形式的称颂。上述就是前半幅所写的“兴”。从“望长安日下”以下的后半幅,则主要写“失路之人”、“他乡之客”宇文新州和作者之“悲”。以“勃三尺微命”为转折,此前的悲和自勉兼指二人,且以宇文新州为主,文中有“老当益壮”、“桑榆非晚”之语,似更切合宇文新州,而下面才单指作者自身了。仕途多舛的共同遭遇,客中送客的特殊感受,使王勃在寄情抒怀时显得更为投入,尽情地发泄了怀才不遇的人生悲慨,表达了济世的渴望和志节自守的坚贞。失落、追求、怨恨、勉励,各种矛盾复杂的感情交织在一起,使这篇美妙的骈文超越了应景酬世的目的,而成为表现主体情性、寓意极深的文学作品。
下面我们再到这层的西厅看看。请看这幅《百蝶百花图》磨漆画,给人以富贵高雅、清新悦目之感。为什么在这里悬挂一幅蝶画呢?这其中含有纪念滕王阁首创人李元婴的意思。这位王爷颇具才华,他爱蝶,爱画蝶,而且自成一派,画界称其为“滕派碟画”。他的蝶画非常珍贵,有“滕王蛱蝶江都马,一纸千金不当价”的说法。这幅蝶画制作考究,工艺精湛。它以三合板为底,贴金箔为底色,用细铜丝勾勒蝴蝶的线条,将贝壳碾成粉末,敷成翅膀,花瓣儿用蛋壳拼成。
五层是在滕王阁上观赏南昌城全景的最佳楼层,现在我们就去到回廊。
各位感觉如何呢?在这里漫步,眺望四周,但见江水苍茫,西山叠翠,高楼如林,大桥如虹,公路如织,人车如流,自然的美和现代城市的繁荣景象交织在一起,与当年王勃的感受自然不可同日而语。如果要想找到“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色”的感觉,恐怕只能把思绪推向一千多年前。假如没有这么多高大建筑,假如这里基本上是蛮荒之地,只有这座高阁鹤立鸡群,假如……在这一系列的“假如”之后,各位的思想可能就会与那位才华横溢的年轻人产生共鸣。
六层,是处于重檐大屋顶间的暗层。这一层作为游览层,是最高的了,所以大厅题匾“九重天”。它的东面和西面的重檐之间,各悬一块“滕王阁”金匾,字是苏东坡手书,匾宽2米、长5米。虽是一个暗层,但中厅南北角重檐间不是墙体,面是做成花格窗,因而采光很好。这一层的西厅布置了一座小型戏台,为“仿古展演厅”;厅的南、北、东三面墙上,嵌有大型唐三彩壁画《大唐舞乐》;厅的有汉白玉围栏通井,下可俯视第五层,上方正对圆拱形藻井。此藻井在全国古建筑中不多见,其结构颇有一番讲究。它蕴涵天圆地方之意,24组斗拱由大到小,由下至上共12层,螺旋排列,取意1年12个月,24个节气。斗拱采用明、清民间木作处理手法,彩绘彩装,沥粉贴金,金碧辉煌。最顶端的彩绘参照了西安钟楼的彩绘式样。由于斗拱呈螺旋形盘绕而上,所以藻井给人以动感,凝神仰望,仿佛在不断旋转、不断变化,使人有种时空无限的感觉。
各位游客,滕王阁的文化积淀真是太深厚了,今天的参观和讲解,大家可能意犹未尽,希望有机会再为大家导游,对这座名楼作进一步的探讨和了解。
"Sunset and lone flocks fly together, autumn water grows in the same colorin the sky." this is an eternal sentence that I will recite long ago. Thissummer vacation, I went back to my hometown Nanchang, and finally got a chanceto board the famous Tengwang Pavilion.
Tengwang pavilion was first built in Tang Dynasty. It has been destroyedand built for more than a thousand years. Up to now, it has been built 28 times.It is said that "prosperity of the country means prosperity of the building.".Tengwang pavilion has unique architectural features, with the momentum of"flying Pavilion, flowing elixir, facing no land". Therefore, it is famous allover the world and well known by the public, attracting many celebrities tovisit here and recite poems. Wang Bo's "preface to Tengwang Pavilion" brokethrough the sky and made a great success. It has won the favor of more than tengenerations and is regarded as a rare masterpiece through the ages. Han Yu, alitterateur, wrote: "the south of the Yangtze River is full of beauty, andTengwang Pavilion is the first, which is called magnificent and unique."Therefore, it has the reputation of "the first building in Jiangxi". Because itsheight and area are better than other lofts, it is listed as the first of thethree famous buildings in Jiangnan.
The basement of Tengwang Pavilion is divided into nine floors. Each floorhas more than ten eaves, which are tilted upward. It looks like a lone duckspreading its wings to fly. Entering the attic is like being in an art palacewith the theme of Tengwang Pavilion. In the main hall on the first floor, thereis a large-scale white jade relief "when the wind comes to send tengwangge",which shows Wang Bo's "preface to tengwangge", skillfully integrates the movinglegend of tengwangge with historical facts. The main hall on the second floor isa large-scale meticulous heavy color mural "portrait of outstanding people",which depicts 80 Jiangxi celebrities from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty.This is as the acme of perfection, the fourth floor of the Jiangxi mountain andthe earth's soul. The fifth layer is the best place to show the history oftengwangge with pen and ink, in which the famous preface to tengwangge writtenby Wang Bo written by Su Dongpo. When you climb to the top floor, you can feelthe river flowing through the bottom of the building. Although you don't see themagnificent scenery of "sunset and lone ducks flying together, autumn water isthe same color in the sky", you can get a panoramic view of the whole NanchangCity: the straight and majestic Bayi Bridge, the wide and beautiful QiushuiSquare, and the high-rise and modern Honggutan Development Zone This is myhometown of outstanding people!
The magnificent Tengwang Pavilion is changing with each passing day. Youwill witness the take-off of Nanchang, the ancient city. I wish you alwaysbeautiful!
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